Posts on I'm Nine_Pendoragon

在雨云mcsm面板服部署l4d2服务器

Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

l4d2是一款不错的团建游戏，游戏有mod可以解锁房间8人联机，但是超过8人就得部署服务器。当然，可以在自己电脑上部署，然后通过frp内网穿透也是可以玩的，就是比较麻烦，我前几天也试过了在自己电脑上开了个服务器，然后用樱花fpr内网穿透，延迟还可以，就是我得先开游戏，再开服务器。不知道为什么在电脑上开服之后steam就是正在游戏状态。相关教程在樱花frp帮助文档里面也有。因为觉得太麻烦，就想找个云服试试看，上一篇帖子也提到了雨云的免费的游戏云面板服。配置给l4d2开服应该也是够用了。记得选纯环境。

这个mcsm面板服感觉像是在一个容器里面操作一样，相较于vps感觉很不方便，也不能ssh访问。不过这免费的还要啥自行车，3000积分无限续费，每天签到还送500积分，相当于可以一直嫖。抱着玩一玩的心态，耗时两个晚上也是搭建成功了。总体上来说和vps开服没什么区别，这里放一个大佬的教程https://www.bilibili.com/opus/736922474423255104，讲的还是蛮详细的。开服用到的是steamCMD这样一个东西，wiki上也有如何安装这个的教程https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/SteamCMD#Debian，部署这个服务器大致分两步，第一步就是下载安装steamCMD和l4d2服务端，第二步就是安装插件平台和各种插件。在去这两个链接之前先把我下面的内容看完，很重要，虽然面板服上搭建服务器和vps没什么大的区别。

那么在这个面板服上开服有哪些不同。因为这个面板服和docker差不多，只给挂载了根目录下的workspace文件夹，换句话说重启服务器之后只有这个workspace文件夹里面的东西是不会被删除的，我暂时不知道能不能让其他文件夹持久化，所以部署完之后不要重启服务器，而且所有的东西尽量安装在/workspace目录下。那么拿到服务器第一件事情是什么？上一篇帖子也说了，第一步应该是去换镜像源。镜像源目录一般是/etc/opt下名为sources.list的文件，或者sources.list.d的文件夹内的文件，我拿到手的服务器只有sources.list.d这个文件夹，删掉。然后用功能组里面的文件管理写入一个sources.list的文件，这个文件管理打开就是/workspace目录。我目前用的是南京大学的镜像源，速度还可以，sources.list怎么写可以问ai。创建好之后copy这个文件到/etc/opt目录，然后就可以apt update等操作了。还有一点值得注意的是记得安装sudo，因为l4d2不建议在root下开服，在你切换到普通用户时，要用sudo命令，反正我拿到手的服默认是没有sudo的，这个时候安装sudo，就得sudo apt install sudo，显然安装不了，只能切回root用户，但是又不知道密码，我也没试就直接重启了，当然重启意味着之前的工作全白做了。

这里再补充几点。这个面板服也是可以安装screen的，这样就能在一个终端下面打开多个会话了，非常方便。ctrl A D也是可以用的。给普通用户sudo权限可以用sudo usermod -aG sudo username。开服的端口用服务器给你的端口就行，不一定要用27015。git clone太慢等问题可以直接问ai，各种报错也直接copy给ai让ai帮你分析，大部分情况下都能解决问题。

服务器是搭好了，但是玩游戏的人呢？（）其实群里有人也拿vps搭了一个服，所以我这个面板服就相当于当玩具自己折腾着玩了玩，也没拿来测试效果怎么样，至少我自己能连上服务器，延迟也还可以。

我的雨云推广链接：https://www.rainyun.com/ODQ3NjQ0_

云服务器与聊天机器人

Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

最近痴迷于折腾云服务器，事情的起因是国庆放假期间突然刷到astrbot的视频，恰好我也一直想要搭建一个群机器人玩玩，国庆也是无聊的很（虽然有很多工作学习上的事情没做完，但放假就是放假），于是马上就去看了astrbot的文档，在自己电脑上搭建了一个，全是一键部署，非常无脑。但是自己电脑上部署一是电脑一关机机器人就不干事了，二是听说windows上面部署容易封号。找找找，于是去雨云上买了个一个月的服务器。话说其实我第一次接触云服是跟朋友玩mc买过一个面板服，当初也听说过雨云，当时还觉得挺贵的，现在想想确实性价比还算可以的了。

第一次在云服上部署astrbot我系统选的是debian 12，跟着别人选的，也安装了1panel。安装教程官方文档都写着，我也不赘述了，就讲讲我一些心得吧。群聊机器人首先是得会说话，用了一下大语言模型，我个人感觉还不错的是kimi家的几个模型，就是好用的太贵有点用不起，也有很多人推荐gemini。这就不提LMArena了，astrbot上有个LMArena反代的插件，安装还挺方便的，主要的问题是这个得用到浏览器和油猴，但是怎么在无显示器的云服上用浏览器第一下还真难到我了，问了我身边的大佬推荐我用vnc，是我以前从来没接触过的东西……问ai各种折腾也没弄好，本来想放弃了，第二天又看到原来雨云控制台的远程就是vnc，装上xorg和chromium就能用这个插件了。不过那个时候我并不知道这个插件还能用来反代白嫖大语言模型，全拿去玩手办化，今天在薅来的阿里云38元2核2g云服上玩astrbot的这个插件，发现几天前LMArena更新使反代成为过去式了，可惜！

阿里云的这个小机我刚开始拿到其实很怀疑2g内存到底能不能部署群聊bot，一开始我还学着第一次部署的时候一样下了一个1panel，结果资源完全不够吃，其实我也一直搞不明白为什么要装1panel这个玩意。后面直接在debian上部署机器人，只安装了一个meme生成器的插件，能用是能用了，但经常会卡死，还是继续问ai，才了解到swap这个玩意，于是分配了1个g的虚拟内存，效果可佳，到今天也是过了一个星期了还从没卡死过。甚至今天加了个vnc远程打开chromium服务器都没崩过。突然想起来还有一个东西是玩云服之后才接触到的，就是screen，这个允许我关掉shell之后对话依然存在，简直神器。

vps(Virtual Private Server)说完了，这两天朋友玩l4d2需要组一个云服，我又打开了雨云，发现了原来雨云可以白嫖一个面板服，2核4g对于l4d2来说开服完全足够了，主要是这个是免费的。

可以选择纯debian环境。

其实就相当于给了一个容器，只能在容器里面操作，挂在了一个根目录下的文件夹workspace，只有这个文件夹内的文件会持久化，重启服务器不会被删除。那么一般拿到服务器要做的第一件事情是什么呢，也许我一开始不会去考虑换镜像源的事，但是当需要用apt update这样的事情事，看着几十个kb每秒的速度我才意识到换镜像源是多么重要。镜像源列表在/etc/opt目录下，找到文件很容易，但是要修改镜像源就没那么容易了，我试了nano，emacs以及vim等常见编辑器，都没有安装，less也没有安装所以也不知道怎么看默认镜像源里面写的什么。当然控制面板给了一个文件管理的窗口，但是似乎只能对workspace下的文件进行操作，这件事当然有很多解决办法，我能想到的方案就是用文件管理的功能在workspace下面创建我想要的镜像源的文件，然后cp到镜像源目录下。l4d2的服务器建议不要使用root用户开服，所以再我们切换用户的时候别忘了先安装sudo，不然你就会知道这个在需要用root权限的时候，在你sudo的时候系统提示sudo命令找不到，这个时候想切换会root用户却不知道root用户的密码，然后只能重启，所有的工作都白忙活了。开服过程就不在这里说了，结论就是最后开服成功了，后面我再专门开一篇写一下我的开服总结。总的来说这样一个面板服还挺有意思的，主要是免费的，看论坛上有人还折腾过拿这个面板服来部署网站。

最近双十一活动在雨云抢到了99的一个2核4g的香港的云服，抢到手之后却突然不知道拿这个来做什么了。就这样，我从一开始到处苦苦寻找高性价比服务器到现在手上已经有3个至少一年的云服了。云服务器太好玩了什么的。

要是有人看到我的帖子也想买服务器，可以用我的推广链接让我嫖一点积分来给服务器续费，感谢。雨云推广链接：https://www.rainyun.com/ODQ3NjQ0_

下面附上astrbot官方文档:https://docs.astrbot.app/

部署qqbot需要一个框架和一个协议端。astrbot是机器人框架，协议端也就是消息平台是什么在这个文档里面也能找到。

其实我上个月就想写这篇帖子了，但是一直没什么空，鸽到现在，有很多之前想写的内容也忘了，也可能没忘，毕竟我想不起来自己忘了什么，不过也好，如果那个时候来写估计废话更多。话说在这里写帖子真是一种享受，比剪视频和做报告享受多了，我发疯的无人在意的小角落（）。

使用wsl安装archlinux，Geant4及ROOT

Thu, 03 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

2025年11月14日更新

建议在linux的文件系统下安装，之前忘记提了。见文档”跨 Windows 和 Linux 文件系统工作“。

官网：

https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install

使用wsl安装linux

1. 安装wsl

打开终端管理员，win11鼠标右键点击win菜单可以找到。

# PowerShell
wsl --install

遇到如下报错：

# PowerShell
PS C:\Users\gouz> wsl --install
正在下载: Ubuntu
正在安装: Ubuntu
由于未安装所需的特性，无法启动操作。
错误代码: Wsl/InstallDistro/Service/RegisterDistro/CreateVm/HCS/HCS_E_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE

按照旧版本的步骤先启用适用于linux的windows子系统，然后启用虚拟机功能，然后关机重启。

# PowerShell
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

重启之后再次打开终端管理员，输入：

# PowerShell
wsl --install

默认安装的是Ubuntu，在windows终端内输入

# PowerShell
wsl -l -o

可以查看在线商店可用的linux分发版的列表。我更换成了archlinux，

# PowerShell
wsl --install -d archlinux

2. 为archlinux创建非root用户

先在windows终端中打开wsl archlinux

# PowerShell
wsl -d archlinux

进入archlinux默认是root用户，先安装sudo软件包

# bash
pacman -Syu
pacman -S sudo

然后创建非root用户，注意下面的命令仍然是在archlinux的终端中输入。

# bash
useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash username
passwd username  #为用户username设置密码

然后还需要将用户配置为sudo用户

# bash
pacman -S nano  #nano是文本编辑器，我个人比较喜欢用，感觉适合小白
nano /etc/sudoers

打开文件后ctrl+F搜索wheel，然后将%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL 这一行的注释删掉，也就是删掉“# %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL”前面的“#”，随后ctrl+X退出，输入Y按下回车保存。然后切换成新建的用户测试一下sudo是否能够使用。

# bash
su - username
sudo pacman -Syu

如果需要，可以将wsl的archlinux默认启动用户改成刚刚新建的用户。打开windows终端

#PowerShell
wsl --manage archlinux --set-default-user username

“wsl –help"可以查看更多关于wsl的命令选项。

3. wsl配置文件（参考）

    [wsl2]
    memory=8GB
    processors=8
    [experimental]
    autoMemoryReclaim=gradual
    networkingMode=mirrored
    dnsTunneling=true
    firewall=true
    autoProxy=true
    sparseVhd=true

文件存放于c盘/用户/用户名目录下，文件名为”.wslconfig"。这个我也是搬的别的大佬的。

安装ROOT

1. 包管理器安装（推荐）

打开终端，输入，

#bash
sudo pacman -S root

安装完之后打开root检查一下，

# bash
root

2. 从源码构建（不推荐）

不推荐，不推荐，不推荐！我自己已经放弃了，根本不知道要安装多少依赖 https://root.cern.ch/install/ 打开链接翻到最下面的“Build from source”处，跟着输入命令即可

当然得先安装一下git依赖和camke等依赖。这里的依赖没安装完全，根据报错自行添加吧。

# bash
sudo pacman -S git
sudo pacman -S base-devel gcc cmake libx11 libxpm libxft libxext
sudo pacman -S gsl giflib libjpeg-turbo libtiff libpng fontconfig
sudo pacman -S python
sudo pacman -S xrootd davix

安装完git之后复制粘贴官网教程中的命令即可，可能需要科学上网。

# bash
mkdir root && cd root
git clone --branch latest-stable --depth=1 https://github.com/root-project/root.git root_src
mkdir root_build root_install && cd root_build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../root_install ../root_src

一直报错，我放弃了。

报错

我在cmake时出现报错，此时依赖我只安装了cmake和git：

# bash
[nine@DESKTOP-VL1ESD8 root_build]$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../root_install ../root_src/
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:32 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0116 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.


CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:32 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0135 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.


CMake Error: CMake was unable to find a build program corresponding to "Unix Makefiles".  CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM is not set.  You probably need to select a different build tool.
CMake Error: CMAKE_C_COMPILER not set, after EnableLanguage
CMake Error: CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER not set, after EnableLanguage
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

问过ai之后发现是缺少依赖，还得安装base-devel, gcc。

重新cmake又遇到报错：

-- Looking for X11
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:227 (message):
  Could NOT find X11 (missing: X11_X11_INCLUDE_PATH X11_X11_LIB Xpm Xft Xext)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:591 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
  /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindX11.cmake:684 (find_package_handle_standard_args)
  cmake/modules/SearchInstalledSoftware.cmake:80 (_find_package)
  cmake/modules/SearchInstalledSoftware.cmake:423 (find_package)
  CMakeLists.txt:287 (include)

复制给ai，发现还得安装libx11 libxpm libxft libxext。安装完之后cmake继续报错

# bash
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:227 (message):
  Could NOT find Python3 (missing: Python3_EXECUTABLE Interpreter) (Required
  is at least version "3.0")
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:591 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
  /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPython/Support.cmake:4082 (find_package_handle_standard_args)
  /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPython3.cmake:640 (include)
  cmake/modules/SearchInstalledSoftware.cmake:80 (_find_package)
  interpreter/llvm-project/llvm/CMakeLists.txt:892 (find_package)

这是因为缺少python3解释器。还注意到在cmake过程中的输出信息:

# bash
-- Could NOT find GIF (missing: GIF_LIBRARY GIF_INCLUDE_DIR)
-- Found PNG: /usr/lib/libpng.so (found version "1.6.50")
-- Could NOT find JPEG (missing: JPEG_LIBRARY JPEG_INCLUDE_DIR)
-- Could NOT find TIFF (missing: TIFF_LIBRARY TIFF_INCLUDE_DIR)

-- Could NOT find GSL: (Required is at least version "1.10") (found GSL_INCLUDE_DIR-NOTFOUND)
-- GSL not found. Set variable GSL_ROOT_DIR to point to your GSL installation
--                Alternatively, you can also enable the option 'builtin_gsl' to build the GSL libraries internally'
--                For the time being switching OFF 'mathmore' option

这是要安装gsl giflib libjpeg-turbo libtiff libpng freetype fontconfig，freetype安装不了，跳过，然后cmake继续报错：

# bash
[nine@DESKTOP-VL1ESD8 root_build]$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../root_install ../root_src/
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:32 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0116 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.


CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:32 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0135 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.


-- The C compiler identification is GNU 15.1.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 15.1.1
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/sbin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/sbin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found Git: /usr/sbin/git (found version "2.50.0")
-- Building ROOT version 6.36.000
-- Looking for a CUDA compiler
-- Looking for a CUDA compiler - NOTFOUND
-- Found GCC. Major version 15, minor version 1
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Performing Test GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
-- Performing Test GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI - Success
-- ROOT default compression algorithm: zlib
-- Checking internet connectivity
-- Checking internet connectivity - found
-- Looking for ZLib
-- Found ZLIB: /usr/lib/libz.so (found version "1.3.1")
-- Looking for nlohmann/json.hpp
-- nlohmann/json.hpp not found. Switching on builtin_nlohmannjson option
-- Looking for Freetype
-- Found Freetype: /usr/lib/libfreetype.so (found version "2.13.3")
-- Looking for PCRE
-- Found PCRE2: /usr/include (found version "10.45")
-- Looking for LZMA
-- Looking for lzma_auto_decoder in /usr/lib/liblzma.so
-- Looking for lzma_auto_decoder in /usr/lib/liblzma.so - found
-- Looking for lzma_easy_encoder in /usr/lib/liblzma.so
-- Looking for lzma_easy_encoder in /usr/lib/liblzma.so - found
-- Looking for lzma_lzma_preset in /usr/lib/liblzma.so
-- Looking for lzma_lzma_preset in /usr/lib/liblzma.so - found
-- Found LibLZMA: /usr/lib/liblzma.so (found version "5.8.1")
-- Looking for xxHash
-- Found xxHash: /usr/lib/libxxhash.so (found suitable version "0.8.3", minimum required is "0.8")
-- Looking for ZSTD
-- Found ZSTD: /usr/lib/libzstd.so
-- Looking for LZ4
-- Found LZ4: /usr/lib/liblz4.so (found version "1.10.0")
-- Looking for X11
-- Found X11: /usr/include  found components: Xpm Xft Xext
-- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/libX11.so;/usr/lib/libXext.so
-- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/libX11.so;/usr/lib/libXext.so - found
-- Looking for gethostbyname
-- Looking for gethostbyname - found
-- Looking for connect
-- Looking for connect - found
-- Looking for remove
-- Looking for remove - found
-- Looking for shmat
-- Looking for shmat - found
-- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE
-- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE - found
-- X11_INCLUDE_DIR: /usr/include
-- X11_LIBRARIES: /usr/lib/libSM.so;/usr/lib/libICE.so;/usr/lib/libX11.so;/usr/lib/libXext.so
-- X11_Xpm_INCLUDE_PATH: /usr/include
-- X11_Xpm_LIB: /usr/lib/libXpm.so
-- X11_Xft_INCLUDE_PATH: /usr/include
-- X11_Xft_LIB: /usr/lib/libXft.so
-- X11_Xext_INCLUDE_PATH: /usr/include
-- X11_Xext_LIB: /usr/lib/libXext.so
-- Found GIF: /usr/lib/libgif.so (found version "5.2.2")
-- Found PNG: /usr/lib/libpng.so (found version "1.6.50")
-- Found JPEG: /usr/lib/libjpeg.so (found version "80")
-- Found TIFF: /usr/lib/libtiff.so (found version "4.7.0")
-- Looking for GSL
-- Found GSL: /usr/include (found suitable version "2.8", minimum required is "1.10")
-- Looking for Python
-- Could NOT find Python3 (missing: Python3_NumPy_INCLUDE_DIRS NumPy) (found suitable version "3.13.5", minimum required is "3.8")
-- Looking for OpenGL
-- Could NOT find OpenGL (missing: OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY OPENGL_glx_LIBRARY OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR)
-- OpenGL (with GLU) not found. Switching off opengl option
-- Looking for LibXml2
-- Found LibXml2: /usr/lib/libxml2.so (found version "2.14.4")
-- Found OpenSSL: /usr/lib/libcrypto.so (found version "3.5.1") found components: SSL
-- Looking for SQLite
-- Found PkgConfig: /usr/sbin/pkg-config (found version "2.5.1")
-- Found Sqlite: /usr/include
-- Looking for CFITSIO
-- Could NOT find CFITSIO (missing: CFITSIO_LIBRARY CFITSIO_INCLUDE_DIR)
-- CFITSIO not found. You can enable the option 'builtin_cfitsio' to build the library internally'
--                    For the time being switching off 'fitsio' option
-- Looking for XROOTD
CMake Warning at cmake/modules/SearchInstalledSoftware.cmake:80 (_find_package):
  By not providing "FindXRootD.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
  asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "XRootD", but
  CMake did not find one.

  Could not find a package configuration file provided by "XRootD" with any
  of the following names:

    XRootDConfig.cmake
    xrootd-config.cmake

  Add the installation prefix of "XRootD" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
  "XRootD_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "XRootD"
  provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
  installed.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/modules/SearchInstalledSoftware.cmake:997 (find_package)
  CMakeLists.txt:287 (include)


-- XROOTD not found, enabling 'builtin_xrootd' option
-- Found OpenSSL: /usr/lib/libcrypto.so (found version "3.5.1")
-- Downloading and building XROOTD version 5.8.0
-- Checking for module 'davix>=0.6.4'
--   Package 'davix' not found
-- Looking for uuid_generate_random in uuid
-- Looking for uuid_generate_random in uuid - found
-- Found libuuid: /usr/include
-- Davix not found, switching ON 'builtin_davix' option.
-- Looking for clock_gettime
-- Looking for clock_gettime - found
-- Looking for TBB
-- Could NOT find TBB (missing: TBB_ROOT_DIR TBB_INCLUDE_DIR TBB_LIBRARY) (Required is at least version "2020")
-- TBB not found, enabling 'builtin_tbb' option
-- Looking for VDT
-- Could NOT find Vdt (missing: VDT_INCLUDE_DIR VDT_LIBRARY) (Required is at least version "0.4")
-- VDT not found. Ensure that the installation of VDT is in the CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
--                Switching ON 'builtin_vdt' option
-- Looking for BLAS for optional parts of TMVA
-- Using GSL CBLAS for optional parts of TMVA
-- TMVA: Numpy or Python development package not found for python /usr/sbin/python3.13. Switching off tmva-pymva option
-- PyROOT: development package found. Building for version 3.13.5
-- Performing Test ROOT_HAVE_CXX_ATOMICS_WITHOUT_LIB
-- Performing Test ROOT_HAVE_CXX_ATOMICS_WITHOUT_LIB - Success
-- Building LLVM in 'Release' mode.
CMake Deprecation Warning at interpreter/llvm-project/cmake/Modules/CMakePolicy.cmake:6 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0114 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  interpreter/llvm-project/llvm/CMakeLists.txt:6 (include)


CMake Deprecation Warning at interpreter/llvm-project/cmake/Modules/CMakePolicy.cmake:11 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0116 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  interpreter/llvm-project/llvm/CMakeLists.txt:6 (include)


CMake Deprecation Warning at interpreter/llvm-project/cmake/Modules/CMakePolicy.cmake:6 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0114 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  interpreter/llvm-project/clang/CMakeLists.txt:6 (include)


CMake Deprecation Warning at interpreter/llvm-project/cmake/Modules/CMakePolicy.cmake:11 (cmake_policy):
  The OLD behavior for policy CMP0116 will be removed from a future version
  of CMake.

  The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
  policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
  specific short-term circumstances.  Projects should be ported to the NEW
  behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  interpreter/llvm-project/clang/CMakeLists.txt:6 (include)


CMake Warning (dev) at interpreter/llvm-project/clang/CMakeLists.txt:405 (install):
  Policy CMP0177 is not set: install() DESTINATION paths are normalized.  Run
  "cmake --help-policy CMP0177" for policy details.  Use the cmake_policy
  command to set the policy and suppress this warning.
This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

安装 xrootd davix。不折腾这个了，放弃，改用包管理器安装。

安装Geant4

这里也用简单方法了，从源码构建就放在第一篇帖子里面折腾吧。

总结

https://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/UsersGuides/InstallationGuide/html/ “Arch Users Repository on Arch Linux"处跟着走，先安装一下依赖，由于有一些依赖官方仓库里面没有，因此可以使用aur助手yay安装aur的包。

# bash
sudo pacman -S --needed git base-devel
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay
makepkg -si

yay安装完之后，使用yay安装clhep

# bash
yay -S clhep

根据提示按回车即可。使用pacman安装其他的依赖（也可以用yay安装）

# bash
sudo pacman -S xerces-c qt6-base openmotif soqt boost
sudo pacman -S qt5-base qt5-tools qt5-svg mesa glu

然后跟着官方教程走。

# bash
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/geant4.git
cd geant4

如果cmake版本过高，后面可能会报错，先修改一下PKGBUILD里面的cmake设置。

# bash
nano PKGBUILD

把“-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5”加载cmake那一堆里。或者

# bash
sudo nano /usr/lib/cmake/Coin-4.0.3/coin-config.cmake

把“cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)”注释掉，也就是在这一行前面加上#。

然后继续，

# bash
makepkg --syncdeps

运行完之后得到一个名为geant4--x86_64.pkg.tar 的文件，例如我的是geant4-11.3.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar，

# bash
sudo pacman -U geant4-11.3.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar

差了一步，还得下载data文件，在官网下载所有data文件。把文件解压到/usr/sbin/../share/Geant4/目录下，然后在终端中配置环境，

# bash
nano ~/.bashrc

将“source geant4/pkg/geant4/usr/bin/geant4.sh” 添加到最后。

报错

makepkg –syncdeps 一步出现报错：

# bash
[nine@DESKTOP-VL1ESD8 geant4]$ makepkg --syncdeps
==> Making package: geant4 11.3.1-1 (Thu Jul  3 20:40:04 2025)
==> Checking runtime dependencies...
==> Installing missing dependencies...
[sudo] password for nine:
error: target not found: clhep>=2.4.6.0
==> ERROR: 'pacman' failed to install missing dependencies.
==> Missing dependencies:
  -> clhep>=2.4.6.0
  -> xerces-c>=3
  -> qt6-base
  -> openmotif
  -> soqt
  -> boost
==> Checking buildtime dependencies...
==> ERROR: Could not resolve all dependencies.

应该是缺少这些依赖。pacman安装找不到clhep，这才发现我忘换镜像源了。把换镜像源放在第一步。安装一下yay，再用yay安装这些pacman中没有的依赖。依赖安装完之后makepkg –syncdeps继续报错，

# bash
CMake Error at /usr/lib/cmake/Coin-4.0.3/coin-config.cmake:1 (cmake_minimum_required):
  Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 has been removed from CMake.

  Update the VERSION argument  value.  Or, use the ... syntax
  to tell CMake that the project requires at least  but has been updated
  to work with policies introduced by  or earlier.

  Or, add -DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5 to try configuring anyway.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/Modules/G4InterfaceOptions.cmake:127 (find_package)
  cmake/Modules/G4CMakeMain.cmake:64 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:49 (include)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
==> ERROR: A failure occurred in build().
    Aborting...

ai说是cmake版本太高。用yay安装Geant4可以先执行

# bash
yay -S coin --editmenu   #我也不知道这一步干什么的
nano PKGBUILD

把“-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5”加载cmake那一堆里。

通过源码安装Geant4

Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

今天拿我师兄的Geant4模拟在mac运行又运行不了了，折腾后发现似乎要重装Geant4。虽然Geant4我不会用，但是安装Geant4我还是蛮有经验的！我在ubuntu、arch、mac上都多次安装过Geant4，所以趁这个机会，就把安装Geant4作为我的第一篇帖子吧。

官方教程

我是计算机小白，如果有想将这篇帖子作为教程来安装Geant4的话还是有很大的风险的，所以还是以官方教程为准，这里说点题外话，我在折腾arch的时候，每次遇到问题去问师兄A，他会让我去查arch的wiki，去问师兄B，他会让我去问ai，我现在每次想问他们问题的时候，都会选择直接去问ai还有查wiki了，所以大家也要养成自己查wiki的好习惯！有很多问题其实仔细查阅wiki都能自己解决的。现在的ai很强大了，就算wiki上查不到，去问ai也是可以解决大部分问题的，当然这些都是我根据个人经验来看是这样的。不过上面提到的两个师兄人其实是非常好的，只能说他们让我体会到什么叫作”授人以鱼不如授人以渔“。

打开Geant4官网https://geant4.web.cern.ch/，选择Docs项，

然后选择Installation Guide，

这里就是如何安装Geant4的官方教程。

MacOS

跟着大佬学着列一下我的设备和环境：

MacBookPro(M2 2022)
OS: macOS 14.4.1 23E224 arm64
Shell: zsh 5.9
Homebrew 4.5.8

总结

为了省流，我把总结放在前面，我自己安装时候的记录放在了后面。

1. 下载Geant4源码和相关依赖

在Geant4官网https://geant4.web.cern.ch/主页的Download内下载"Source code"(我下载的是"tar")，还有"Datasets"下的所有数据。相关依赖我能记得的只有qt5、cmake了，qt需要安装吗？先就安装这三个吧。xerces-c是GDML的依赖，因为我后面开启了GDML，如果不开启的话应该不需要安装xerces-c。不过看到有大佬安装提到了CLHEP，我不清楚这个是否需要安装，去可能是CLHEP的wiki上看了一眼，似乎不是必须要手动安装的？总之安装一下也无妨。打开终端，

brew install cmake
brew install clhep
brew install qt
brew install qt5
brew install xerces-c

然后解压下载的源码。这里我把源码解压到主目录下新建的文件夹Geant4中。

cd ~
mkdir Geant4
cd Geant4
tar -xf ~/Downloads/geant4-v11.3.2.tar

“geant4-v11.3.2.tar"是我下载的Geant4源码压缩包的文件名，请修改成自己下载的压缩包的文件名。

2. 配置qt5环境

终端内输入

nano ~/.zshrc

我这里用的文本编辑器是nano，MacOS似乎默认包含nano，如果没有也可以用brew安装一下，也可以选择其他文本编辑器。执行上面的命令之后将下面的4行代码写入到文件内，然后按control+x退出，输入y按两次回车保存。

export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFLAGS}"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH}"
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"

退出之后source一下

source ~/.zshrc

3. 编译安装

我想在主目录下刚刚新建的Geant4文件夹内安装Geant4，所以就先在这个文件夹内新建一个build文件夹和一个install文件夹。

cd ~/Geant4
mkdir G4_build G4_install
ls
cd G4_build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2

”-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX= ~/Geant4/G4_install“和”-DGEANT4_USE_QT= ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2“中间的内容是设置开关Geant4的一些选项，可以在Geant4安装教程的standard options内查询相关功能的介绍，开关其他功能需要输入”-D“+选项的名字+”=ON/OFF“。安装完之后如果需要开启某些选项，需要重新cmake，所以源码不要删。cmake这一步会弹出一堆输出，大致内容就是关于data文件的，可以先不管，如果是其他报错建议复制报错给ai或者网上搜索。cmake结束后，

make -j4

make -jN “where is the number of parallel jobs you require N”，N是同时并行的任务数，和CPU核心数有关。

make install

上述两个命令运行的时候都要注意输出的waring。

4. 创建DATA文件

可以把下载的DATA文件先随便放在一个文件夹中，比如我放在Downloads下的G4DATA文件夹内，然后终端输入，

cp ~/Downloads/G4DATA/* ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
cd ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
for tar in *.tar.gz;  do tar xvf $tar; done
rm *.tar.gz
ls

不过要注意下载的DATA文件后缀是不是tar.gz，或者不用上面的命令，直接用Finder去文件夹里面将数据文件解压后复制到Geant4安装目录下的share/Geant4/data文件夹内。上面的ls命令是为了看data文件是否是完整的。

5. 配置Geant4环境

nano ~/.zshrc

在最后面写入

source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh

上述路径都以自己的为准。保存退出之后source一下.zshrc，或者重启一下终端。

source ~/.zshrc

6. 运行example B1

运行一下example B1看有没有安装成功。

cd ~/Geant4
cp -r G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic G4_examples
cd G4_examples
mkdir B1_build
cd B1_build
cmake ../B1
make -j4
./exampleB1

出现下图一样的可视化窗口就说明Geant4安装成功了。如果有其他问题可以在B站私信我，一起讨论共同成长。

踩坑

先在官网下载源码和所有DATA文件，mac上面我下载下来的文件名字是"Darwin-clang17.0.0-Sequoia.tar.gz”，根据官方教程第一步是解压这个文件到想要的位置。先在主目录下新建一个文件夹，然后解压，在终端中输入下面的命令。

cd 
mkdir Geant4
cd Geant4
tar -xzf ~/Downloads/Darwin-clang17.0.0-Sequoia.tar.gz

第二步是新建一个build文件夹并且进入，然后运行cmake，我顺便再新建一下install文件夹，接着上面的命令继续输入，不要退出终端。

mkdir G4_install G4_build
cd G4_build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install ~/Geant4/Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin

报错如下。

CMake Warning:
  Ignoring extra path from command line:

   "/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin"


CMake Error: The source directory "/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin" does not appear to contain CMakeLists.txt.
Specify --help for usage, or press the help button on the CMake GUI.
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build %

复制下来去问ai，结果发现是我下错源码了，我下载错成Binary releases了。。。 OK，下载好源码之后重新跑一遍上面的代码。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ..  
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
G4_build		G4_install		Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % rm -rf Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd G4_build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % tar ~/Downloads/geant4-v11.3.2.tar 
Usage:
  List:    tar -tf 
  Extract: tar -xf 
  Create:  tar -cf  [filenames...]
  Help:    tar --help

似乎是tar没加-xf，但是上面为什么是接-xzf，直接问ai。z是gzip，因为上面解压的文件有后缀.gz，但是如果有后缀.gz，不用-xzf就不能解压吗？我回头试了一下tar -xf ~/Downloads/Darwin-clang17.0.0-Sequoia.tar.gz，然而还是可以解压。ChatGPT告诉我我的tar是智能版，可以自动调用gzip解压，不知道有没有在骗我。回到正题。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
G4_build	G4_install

Geant4-11.3.2-Darwin我已经删除，这里我用ls检查一下有没有删掉。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % tar -xf ~/Downloads/geant4-v11.3.2.tar
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
G4_build	G4_install	geant4-v11.3.2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd G4_build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Checking C++ feature CXXSTDLIB_FILESYSTEM_NATIVE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS - Success
-- Found EXPAT: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/usr/lib/libexpat.tbd (found version "2.5.0")
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4NDL (4.7.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PII (1.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RealSurface (2.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ABLA (3.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4INCL (1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4CHANNELING (1.0)
  *WARNING*
    Geant4 has been pre-configured to look for datasets
    in the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    but the following datasets are NOT present on disk at
    that location:
 
    G4NDL (4.7.1)
    G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
    PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
    RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
    G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
    G4PII (1.3)
    RealSurface (2.2)
    G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
    G4ABLA (3.3)
    G4INCL (1.2)
    G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
    G4CHANNELING (1.0)
 
 -  If you have access to cvmfs, you can use standard datasets
    by reconfiguring with:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATADIR=/cvmfs/geant4.cern.ch/share/data <...>
    The variable can also be set in ccmake or cmake-gui.
 -  If you want to have these datasets installed by Geant4,
    simply re-run cmake with GEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON. This will
    configure the build to download and install these datasets for you.
    For example, use:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON 
 
    If you're running on a Windows system, this is the best
    solution as CMake will unpack the datasets for you
    without any further software being required
 
 -  Alternatively, you can install these datasets manually
    now or after you have installed Geant4. To do this,
    download the following files:
 
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RealSurface.2.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz
 
    and unpack them under the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    As we supply the datasets packed in gzipped tar files,
    you will need the 'tar' utility to unpack them.
 
    Nota bene: Missing datasets will not affect or break
               compilation and installation of the Geant4
               libraries.
 
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of off64_t
-- Check size of off64_t - failed
-- Looking for fseeko
-- Looking for fseeko - found
-- Looking for unistd.h
-- Looking for unistd.h - found
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP - Success
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_STATIC_LIBS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_SHARED_LIBS - ON
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_OBJECT_LIBS - 
-- Building PTL with CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD - 17
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_COVERAGE - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_SANITIZER - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_CLANG_TIDY - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_TBB - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_LOCKS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_HEADERS - ON
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_CONFIG - ON
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- The following Geant4 features are enabled:
CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD: Compiling against C++ Standard '17'
GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED: Build multithread enabled libraries
GEANT4_BUILD_TLS_MODEL: Building with TLS model 'initial-exec'
GEANT4_USE_SYSTEM_EXPAT: Using system EXPAT library

-- Configuring done (2.6s)
-- Generating done (0.5s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_build

这个报错和官方教程提到的一模一样，应该就是DATA文件缺失，DATA文件也是在官网的Download界面下载，我前面已经下载过了，按照教程，应该是需要解压到~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data文件夹下，/Users/ninependoragon路径中ninependoragon是我的用户名，如果真的有萌新跟着这篇帖子来安装Geant4的话，请注意把这个改成自己的用户名。不过我记得是得先make完之后再添加data文件。教程下一步是在cmake中激活Geant4的一些功能。

cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON

这个功能是自动下载DATA文件，很久以前我第一次安装Geant4的时候好像有人告诉过我这个一般就选off关掉，当然默认是关掉。所以我没有运行上面的命令。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON
CMake Error: Could not create named generator EANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON

Generators
* Unix Makefiles               = Generates standard UNIX makefiles.
  Ninja                        = Generates build.ninja files.
  Ninja Multi-Config           = Generates build-.ninja files.
  Watcom WMake                 = Generates Watcom WMake makefiles.
  Xcode                        = Generate Xcode project files.
  CodeBlocks - Ninja           = Generates CodeBlocks project files
                                 (deprecated).
  CodeBlocks - Unix Makefiles  = Generates CodeBlocks project files
                                 (deprecated).
  CodeLite - Ninja             = Generates CodeLite project files
                                 (deprecated).
  CodeLite - Unix Makefiles    = Generates CodeLite project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Eclipse CDT4 - Ninja         = Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Eclipse CDT4 - Unix Makefiles= Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Kate - Ninja                 = Generates Kate project files (deprecated).
  Kate - Ninja Multi-Config    = Generates Kate project files (deprecated).
  Kate - Unix Makefiles        = Generates Kate project files (deprecated).
  Sublime Text 2 - Ninja       = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files
                                 (deprecated).
  Sublime Text 2 - Unix Makefiles
                               = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files
                                 (deprecated).

CMake Warning:
  No source or binary directory provided.  Both will be assumed to be the
  same as the current working directory, but note that this warning will
  become a fatal error in future CMake releases.

似乎没有cmake成功，删掉这个build文件夹重来试试。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % rm -rf G4_build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % mkdir G4_build
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd G4_build

不过删除之后我发现好像是刚刚命令行输错了，-GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON少了个D。。。，上面的操作应该是没有问题的，想加什么功能就重新cmake -D 就好了

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Checking C++ feature CXXSTDLIB_FILESYSTEM_NATIVE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS
-- Performing Test HAVE_TLS - Success
-- Found EXPAT: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/usr/lib/libexpat.tbd (found version "2.5.0")
CMake Error at /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.29.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:230 (message):
  Failed to find XercesC (missing: XercesC_LIBRARY XercesC_INCLUDE_DIR
  XercesC_VERSION)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.29.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:600 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.29.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindXercesC.cmake:112 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS)
  cmake/Modules/G4OptionalComponents.cmake:165 (find_package)
  cmake/Modules/G4CMakeMain.cmake:59 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:49 (include)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

其实我就是为了DGEANT4_USE_GDML才重新安装Geant4的，上次安装Geant4已经是两年前，源码那个时候不太懂所以应该是删掉了，不然重新cmake一下应该就行了。不过这里出现错误了，先复制给ai看看。“这是因为你开启了 -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON，Geant4 需要使用 Xerces-C++ 这个库来处理 GDML，但你本机没装这个库，或者 CMake 找不到它。”，那么就安装一个xerces-c吧。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % brew install xerces-c
==> Downloading https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api/formul
==> Downloading https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api/cask.j
==> Fetching xerces-c
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/xerces-c-3.3.0.arm6
######################################################################### 100.0%
==> Pouring xerces-c-3.3.0.arm64_sonoma.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/xerces-c/3.3.0: 1,715 files, 39.0MB
==> Running `brew cleanup xerces-c`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
-- Checking C++ feature CXXSTDLIB_FILESYSTEM_NATIVE - Success
-- Found XercesC: /opt/homebrew/lib/libxerces-c.dylib (found version "3.3.0")
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4NDL (4.7.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4PII (1.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset RealSurface (2.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ABLA (3.3)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4INCL (1.2)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
-- Pre-configuring dataset G4CHANNELING (1.0)
  *WARNING*
    Geant4 has been pre-configured to look for datasets
    in the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    but the following datasets are NOT present on disk at
    that location:
 
    G4NDL (4.7.1)
    G4EMLOW (8.6.1)
    PhotonEvaporation (6.1)
    RadioactiveDecay (6.1.2)
    G4PARTICLEXS (4.1)
    G4PII (1.3)
    RealSurface (2.2)
    G4SAIDDATA (2.0)
    G4ABLA (3.3)
    G4INCL (1.2)
    G4ENSDFSTATE (3.0)
    G4CHANNELING (1.0)
 
 -  If you have access to cvmfs, you can use standard datasets
    by reconfiguring with:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATADIR=/cvmfs/geant4.cern.ch/share/data <...>
    The variable can also be set in ccmake or cmake-gui.
 -  If you want to have these datasets installed by Geant4,
    simply re-run cmake with GEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON. This will
    configure the build to download and install these datasets for you.
    For example, use:
      cmake -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON 
 
    If you're running on a Windows system, this is the best
    solution as CMake will unpack the datasets for you
    without any further software being required
 
 -  Alternatively, you can install these datasets manually
    now or after you have installed Geant4. To do this,
    download the following files:
 
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4RealSurface.2.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz
    https://cern.ch/geant4-data/datasets/G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz
 
    and unpack them under the directory:
 
    /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
 
    As we supply the datasets packed in gzipped tar files,
    you will need the 'tar' utility to unpack them.
 
    Nota bene: Missing datasets will not affect or break
               compilation and installation of the Geant4
               libraries.
 
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of off64_t
-- Check size of off64_t - failed
-- Looking for fseeko
-- Looking for fseeko - found
-- Looking for unistd.h
-- Looking for unistd.h - found
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP
-- Performing Test G4ZLIB_NEEDS_DNP - Success
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_STATIC_LIBS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_SHARED_LIBS - ON
-- Building PTL with option BUILD_OBJECT_LIBS - 
-- Building PTL with CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD - 17
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_COVERAGE - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_SANITIZER - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_CLANG_TIDY - 
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_TBB - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_USE_LOCKS - OFF
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_HEADERS - ON
-- Building PTL with option PTL_INSTALL_CONFIG - ON
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- The following Geant4 features are enabled:
CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD: Compiling against C++ Standard '17'
GEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED: Build multithread enabled libraries
GEANT4_BUILD_TLS_MODEL: Building with TLS model 'initial-exec'
GEANT4_USE_SYSTEM_EXPAT: Using system EXPAT library
GEANT4_USE_GDML: Building Geant4 with GDML support

-- Configuring done (1.9s)
-- Generating done (0.5s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_build

和之前差不多同样的输出。教程下一步是make。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % make

然后就是等待。

...
[ 88%] Building CXX object source/CMakeFiles/G4mctruth.dir/persistency/mctruth/src/G4VPHitsCollectionIO.cc.o
[ 88%] Linking CXX shared library ../BuildProducts/lib/libG4mctruth.dylib
ld: warning: search path '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:' not found
...

make过程中的报错，似乎是忘记安装qt5了。总之先继续下去吧，看能不能打开example B1。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % make install

继续等待。完成安装后

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ../G4_install/share/Geant4/
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % mkidr data
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cp ~/Downloads/G4DATA/* ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4ABLA3.3 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4CHANNELING1.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4EMLOW8.6.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4ENSDFSTATE3.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4INCL1.2 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4NDL4.7.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4NUDEXLIB1.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4PARTICLEXS4.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4PII1.3 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4SAIDDATA2.0 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4TENDL1.4 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/G4URRPT1.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/PhotonEvaporation6.1 is a directory (not copied).
cp: /Users/ninependoragon/Downloads/G4DATA/RadioactiveDecay6.1.2 is a directory (not copied).
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd data 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % ls
G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz		G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz		G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz		G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz		G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz		G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz		G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz
G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz		G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz
G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % cd ~/Downloads/G4DATA 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % ls
G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz		G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz		G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz		G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz		G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz		G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz		G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz
G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz		G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz
G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % tar -xf *.tar.gz ~/Geant4/G4_install 
tar: G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4PII.1.3.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz: Not found in archive
tar: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install: Not found in archive
tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors.

我把下载的DATA文件全放在一个文件夹G4DATA中，本来以为可以tar一次性解压，但似乎不能用tar -xf *.tar.gz，在网上搜索之后发现可以用for tar in *.tar.gz; do tar xvf $tar; done一次性解压多个tar.gz文件。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % for tar in *.tar.gz;  do tar xvf $tar; done

运行完成之后，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4DATA % ls
G4ABLA.3.3.tar.gz		G4PARTICLEXS4.1
G4ABLA3.3			G4PII.1.3.tar.gz
G4CHANNELING.1.0.tar.gz		G4PII1.3
G4CHANNELING1.0			G4PhotonEvaporation.6.1.tar.gz
G4EMLOW.8.6.1.tar.gz		G4RadioactiveDecay.6.1.2.tar.gz
G4EMLOW8.6.1			G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4ENSDFSTATE.3.0.tar.gz		G4SAIDDATA.2.0.tar.gz
G4ENSDFSTATE3.0			G4SAIDDATA2.0
G4INCL.1.2.tar.gz		G4TENDL.1.4.tar.gz
G4INCL1.2			G4TENDL1.4
G4NDL.4.7.1.tar.gz		G4URRPT.1.1.tar.gz
G4NDL4.7.1			G4URRPT1.1
G4NUDEXLIB.1.0.tar.gz		PhotonEvaporation6.1
G4NUDEXLIB1.0			RadioactiveDecay6.1.2
G4PARTICLEXS.4.1.tar.gz

其实应该在Geant4的data目录下解压，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cd ~/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/data/
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % for tar in *.tar.gz;  do tar xvf $tar; done
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % rm *.tar.gz
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % ls
G4ABLA3.3			G4PII1.3
G4CHANNELING1.0			G4RealSurface.2.2.tar(1).gz
G4EMLOW8.6.1			G4SAIDDATA2.0
G4ENSDFSTATE3.0			G4TENDL1.4
G4INCL1.2			G4URRPT1.1
G4NDL4.7.1			PhotonEvaporation6.1
G4NUDEXLIB1.0			RadioactiveDecay6.1.2
G4PARTICLEXS4.1

这样data数据应该就准备好了。现在看看example B1能不能运行。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro data % cd ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % ls
data		examples	fonts		geant4make	tools.license
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro Geant4 % cd examples/basic/B1 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % mkdir build
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % cd build 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- The CXX compiler identification is AppleClang 15.0.0.15000309
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found EXPAT: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/usr/lib/libexpat.tbd (found suitable version "2.5.0", minimum required is "2.5.0")
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Found OpenGL: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.5.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework
-- Found Geant4: /Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/lib/cmake/Geant4/Geant4Config.cmake (found version "11.1.2")
-- Configuring done (1.4s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1/build
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % make 
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1/exampleB1.cc:79:25: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'G4VisExecutive'
  auto visManager = new G4VisExecutive(argc, argv);
                        ^              ~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.icc:126:17: note: candidate constructor not viable: allows at most single argument 'verbosityString', but 2 arguments were provided
G4VisExecutive::G4VisExecutive (const G4String& verbosityString):
                ^
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.hh:119:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
class G4VisExecutive: public G4VisManager {
      ^
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

报错与可视化有关，可能是因为没安装qt5，但是我在思考，为什么我的旧的Geant4可以运行。也有可能是环境变量的问题，先设置一下变量再看看。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro ~ % nano .zshrc

看一眼zshrc的配置文件

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6
7source ~/Documents/Geant4/install/bin/geant4.sh
8
9alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Documents/Geant4/install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

可以看见是有qt5的，可是Geant4的环境变量没有修改。先修改环境变量试试。

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6
7source ~//Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
8
9alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

control x 退出，y 回车两次保存。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % mkdir build2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % cd build2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build2 % cmake ../
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build2 % make
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
/Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1/exampleB1.cc:79:25: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'G4VisExecutive'
  auto visManager = new G4VisExecutive(argc, argv);
                        ^              ~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.icc:126:17: note: candidate constructor not viable: allows at most single argument 'verbosityString', but 2 arguments were provided
G4VisExecutive::G4VisExecutive (const G4String& verbosityString):
                ^
/Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/include/Geant4/G4VisExecutive.hh:119:7: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
class G4VisExecutive: public G4VisManager {
      ^
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

还是报错，回头发现配置文件写错了，多写了个/。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % mkdir build3
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro B1 % cd build3 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh 
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % cmake ..
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % make 
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
[ 25%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/ActionInitialization.cc.o
[ 37%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/DetectorConstruction.cc.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/EventAction.cc.o
[ 62%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/PrimaryGeneratorAction.cc.o
[ 75%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/RunAction.cc.o
[ 87%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/SteppingAction.cc.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable exampleB1
ld: warning: search path '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:' not found
[100%] Built target exampleB1
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % ./exampleB1

并没有出现可视化窗口，然后才注意到刚刚的报错，还是没找到qt5，但是我这台电脑应该是有qt5的，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build3 % ls /opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/
Frameworks			doc
INSTALL_RECEIPT.json		include
LICENSE.FDL			lib
LICENSE.GPL3-EXCEPT		libexec
LICENSE.GPLv2			mkspecs
LICENSE.GPLv3			phrasebooks
LICENSE.LGPLv21			plugins
LICENSE.LGPLv3			qml
LICENSE.QT-LICENSE-AGREEMENT	share
README				translations
bin

发现是有这个目录的，还是环境变量问题。听ai的修改成：

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONF$
 5
 6export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 7export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib $LDFLAGS"
 8export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/include $CPPFLAGS"
 9export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
10
11
12source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
13
14alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

然后

source ~/.zshrc

再次make example B1结果还是不行。

搜到一篇帖子说G4不支持在zsh中执行，只能bash中执行，我先看看我的.bashrc。

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.10/
7
8source /Users/ninependoragon/Documents/Geant4/install/bin/geant4.sh

修改一下，

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/bin:$PATH
2export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib":$LDFLAGS
3export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/include":$CPPFLAGS
4export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.5.1_2/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFI$
5
6export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.10/
7
8source /Users/ninependoragon/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh

修改之后运行还是不对，而且我记得两年前我用zsh运行过example B1。又在网上搜了一堆之后发现可能是关联cmake的时候没有开启GEANT4_USE_QT，现在重新cmake安装试试。删掉旧的build文件夹，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2

折腾一个小时后，发现还是zshrc配置文件写错了。修改后的.zshrc文件如下。

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 5
 6export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
 7export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFLAGS}"
 8export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:$PK$
 9export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"
10
11#export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH"
12#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:$LDFLAGS"
13#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include:$CPPFLAGS"
14#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
15
16#export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
17
18#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
19#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib $LDFLAGS"

而且我发现source ~/.zshrc 后会导致$LDFLAGS等相同路径重复多次，重启终端则是正常的。

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/Geant4/G4_install -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=OFF -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON ~/Geant4/geant4-v11.3.2
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro G4_build % make

目前没有报warning了，所以大概还是ld: warning: search path ‘/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:’ not found这个报错的原因，路径最后含有冒号，按照ai的修改意见改了.zshrc之后就不提示这个warning了。然而这个文件两年了一直没动过，想不起来两年前怎么安装的Geant4了。 make完操作跟上面一样，先make install，然后拷贝data文件，

ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % cmake ..   
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % make -j4
ninependoragon@Nines-MacBook-Pro build % ./exampleB1

终于搞定了，泪目，每次安装都是全新体验。

明天再写吧累了踩坑写完后给个总结我会放在最前面大概就是

下载源码和依赖
qt5环境
安装
拷贝data
geant4环境
运行example B1

6月24日晚我来写总结部分的时候发现我的.zshrc文件alias部分写错了，是拼写错误。而且之前折腾的时候测试的一些注释掉的行也没有删除，显得很乱。

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 5
 6export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
 7export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFLAGS}"
 8export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CONFIG_PATH:+:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH}"
 9export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"
10
11#export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH"
12#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib:$LDFLAGS"
13#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include:$CPPFLAGS"
14#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
15
16#export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
17
18#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
19#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib $LDFLAGS"
20#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/include $CPPFLAGS"
21#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
22
23
24source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh
25
26alias g4camke='cmake -DGant4_DIR=~/Geant4/G4_install/lib/cmake/Geant4/'

不过这一行相当于给cmake换了个名字，我不运行g4cmake的话倒是没什么问题。但是直接cmake也行，感觉用处不大，直接删掉了。我最后的配置文件是，

 1#export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin:$PATH
 2#export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib":$LDFLAGS
 3#export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include":$CPPFLAGS
 4#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt/6.7.0_1/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG$
 5
 6export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib${LDFLAGS:+:$LDFLAGS}"
 7export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/include${CPPFLAGS:+:$CPPFL$
 8export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/lib/pkgconfig${PKG_CO$
 9export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH"
10
11#export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/qt@5/5.15.13_1/:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
12
13source ~/Geant4/G4_install/bin/geant4.sh

注释掉的几行对未来可能有帮助，我就留下来。

虚拟机

https://extra.lp2ib.in2p3.fr/G4/，下载之后用VMware打开就行，用户名和密码还有其他相关内容请看README。